TGFB1 and Hepatic fibrosis: THBS1 has been shown to enhance TGFβ action in HSCs,[26, 43] while CTGF has broad effects on HSCs proliferation, migration, and ECM production and remodeling.[27] Inhibition CTGF pathway via siRNA, CTGF‐specific vaccines or nanobody have shown antifibrosis in various animal models with liver fibrosis.[44] It remains unclear whether THBS1 could crosstalk with CTGF to synergistically activate HSCs.