Pathway enrichment analysis of these differentially modified genes identified 20 significantly affected signaling pathways, including tight junction regulation, spliceosome function, RNA transport, ribosome biogenesis, Ras/Rap1 signaling, endoplasmic reticulum protein processing, PI3K-Akt signaling, phospholipase D signaling, cancer pathways, oocyte meiosis, mRNA surveillance, mitophagy, human papillomavirus infection, Hippo signaling, focal adhesion, endocytosis, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance, and apelin signaling (Fig. 1F). The gene discussed is APLN; the disease is human papilloma virus infection.