CD4 and systemic lupus erythematosus: We observed that the SCMMs of CD3+ T cells (P < 0.001, Figure 1B), CD3+CD4+ T cells (P = 0.001, Figure 1B), and CD3+CD8+ T cells (P < 0.001, Figure 1B) were significantly higher in patients with SLE than in HCs, while no significant difference was detected in SCMMs of B cells (P = 0.057, Figure 1B) and NK cells (P = 0.121, Figure 1B) between patients with SLE and HCs.