IL4 and age-related macular degeneration: In particular, we found that Elenagen decreases generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF, IL-1, IL-6, increases anti-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-4 and IL-10) and alleviates ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in mice and rats (32, 33), Also, anti-inflammatory effect of Elenagen and decrease in disease symptoms were observed in rats with metabolic syndrome/obesity (34), and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) (35).