NEFL and Stroke: The importance of cytoskeletal elements is further strengthened by studies that have shown a correlation of NF-L and MAP2 serum levels with the size of infarction and the clinical outcome in stroke patients (e.g., Holmegaard et al., 2024; Uphaus et al., 2019; Mages et al., 2021; Barba et al., 2025).