However, the observed ischemic consequences for components of the NVU and ECM strengthened earlier studies also describing alterations of collagen IV as part of the vasculature (e.g., Hawkes et al., 2013; Michalski et al., 2020), MBP from oligodendrocytes (e.g., Michalski et al., 2018; Zuo et al., 2019), and fibronectin as constitute of the ECM (e.g., Summers et al., 2013; Michalski et al., 2020), as well as diminished perineuronal nets and morphologically altered microglia visualized by WFA and Iba1 (e.g., Härtig et al., 2022; Michalski et al., 2010) due to experimental stroke. The gene discussed is AIF1; the disease is Stroke.