IRS1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Inhibition of the IRS-1/PI3K/Akt pathway may disrupt theregulation of metabolic functions such as glucose transport, adipogenesis,glycogen synthesis, and protein synthesis., In type 2 diabetic animals, IRS-1 phosphorylation is reduced dueto insulin resistance, and as a result, cellular membrane translocationof GLUT4 in peripheral tissues may be suppressed. IRS-1 and subsequent stimulation of GLUT4 may also be relatedto the PI3K/Akt pathway.