Conversely, no significant differences were observed between ultra-rapid and standard insulin groups regarding hypoglycemic events [RR 0.35, 95% CI (0.10 to 1.29), P = 0.12], diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) events [RR 4.70, 95% CI (0.23 to 96.7), P = 0.32], or device-related events [RR 1.24, 95% CI (0.87 to 1.77), P = 0.23, I2 = 19%] (Supplementary Figures 27c–e). Here, INS is linked to diabetic ketoacidosis.