In myocardial tissue, increased levels of G-CSF and GM-CSF, two growth factors contributing to immune cell differentiation and recruitment, and involved in heart failure and hypertrophy, and also other pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic cytokines, namely IL-6, IL17-α, IFN-γ, and TNF-α, were observed in ICI-treated group compared with untreated mice (57). This evidence concerns the gene CSF3 and heart failure.