TNF and infection: The precise role of TNF in the pathophysiology of GCA remains unclear, despite its abundant presence in biopsy samples showcasing vascular damage resulting from the condition.18In our meta-analysis, while abatacept was associated with a significantly lower incidence of infections in patients with GCA, we concur with the conclusions of Song et al, which determined that neither abatacept nor TNF inhibitors exhibited significant efficacy in achieving remission or preventing relapse compared with placebo.