Conditional knockout of twist1 in proximal tubular cells reversed the downregulation of FAO enzymes, including acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1 and CPT1a, by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1-α (PGC1-α), thereby alleviating fibrosis in AKI mice (Liu et al., 2022). This evidence concerns the gene PPARGC1A and acute kidney injury.