The administration of crotonate was shown to upregulate histone crotonylation, prevent the reduction of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), and maintain sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) expression, ultimately offering protection against AKI (Ruiz-Andres et al., 2016). This evidence concerns the gene PPARGC1A and acute kidney injury.