Another study demonstrated an elevation in the expression of the speed-limiting enzyme in polyamine and the activity of spermine/spermidine N1-acetyltransferase and spermine oxidase, two critical enzymes in polyamine catabolism, in the kidneys during IR (Zahedi et al., 2014), septic (Xu et al., 2023), and cisplatin- (Zahedi et al., 2017) induced AKI. Here, SAT1 is linked to acute kidney injury.