TNF and endothelial dysfunction: Adipose tissue is also known to secrete proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), resulting in chronic low-grade inflammation that can cause blood vessel impairment, increased oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction, all of which can contribute to ocular hypertension [22,23].