MAPK1 and Alzheimer disease: Furthermore, the activation of transcription factor EB (TFEB) via suppression of AKT-MAPK1-MTORC1 signaling, as evidenced in 5xFAD mouse models, highlights acupuncture’s role in enhancing autophagy-lysosomal degradation of amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau aggregates—a novel mechanistic frontier with profound implications for Alzheimer’s disease therapeutics.