APOA1 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Several neurodegeneration protein biomarkers such as Tau and Apoa1 have been considered promising for the diagnosis of TBI.79 Apolipoprotein A1 which displays a promising therapeutic intervention in ALS is denoted as a biomarker for TBI that can be used in therapeutic interventions for neurodegeneration following TBI.79–81 Moreover, the micro82 tubule-associated protein tau significantly correlates with the degree of injury and may be used as a biomarker in the assessment of axonal damage post-TBI neurodegeneration83 {Zhang, 2025 #97}.