TGFB1 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: As a model of generalised parenchymal fibrosis in IPF, PCLS have been treated with disease-relevant inflammatory and fibrotic factors in a fibrotic cocktail (FC) comprising TNF-α, LPA, PDGF and TGF-β [81] to induce collagen deposition ex vivo over 5 days.