CAT and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: The successful induction of IPF was confirmed after 51 days post-bleomycin administration, exhibited by increased levels of oxidative stress biomarkers (MDA, SOD, and CAT), enhanced MMP-9 (type IV collagenase), elevated BCA, TGF-β1, and pro-inflammatory gene expression (IL-6), alongside significant collagen deposition observed histochemically.