Large-scale genomic studies, including The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), evaluated over 600 genes from approximately 200 human tumor samples and have identified key signaling disruptions in TP53, MAPK/ERK, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and EGFR pathways, which collectively drive tumor proliferation, invasion, and therapeutic resistance. This evidence concerns the gene TP53 and neoplasm.