REN and chronic kidney disease: Etiological causes of hyperkalemia include impaired potassium excretion mechanism in acute and chronic renal failure (i.e., impairment of distal tubular flow, nephron loss, and renin-aldosterone system disorders), drugs that increase potassium absorption, malnutrition, insulin deficiency, and sodium–potassium ATPase pump disorders because of some drugs and potassium increase because of cell destruction [4].