TNF and psoriasis: Foulkes et al utilized cluster sampling to analyze mRNA and small RNA transcriptome in blood, lesional and nonlesional skin to assess signals of treatment response in genes and pathways associated with TNF signaling, psoriasis pathology and major histocompatibility complex region.45 Another similar study developed a two-ML model of the genetic algorithm and SVM to detect relevant gene expression signatures for the classification of psoriasis.46 Similarly, a study out of Denmark in 2021, aimed to use 2 ML models to predict disease severity in 160 patients with AD based on measured biomarkers.