IFNA1 and autoimmune disease: IFN-α and IFN-β have an important role in diverse inflammatory states, e.g., secreted IFN cytokines activate tissue macrophages thus augmenting the inflammatory state in autoimmune diseases, whereas an excessive IFN signaling can lead to interferonopathies (Siebeler et al. 2023; Mendonca and Fremond 2024).