Given the high prevalence of VD deficiency in patients with IBD and its relevance for IBD pathogenesis and poor disease outcomes, as well as the importance of the CCR6-CCL20 axis in recruiting proinflammatory Th17 cells to the gut in IBD, the downregulation of the Th17 cell chemoattractant CCL20 expression by VD is a relevant finding with therapeutic potential6,7,9,11,12,14,37,44,45,63. This evidence concerns the gene CCR6 and inflammatory bowel disease.