PCNA and Insulin resistance: This study aimed to examine the hypoglycemic effect of methanolic extract from C. proximus aerial parts, as well as its impact on pancreatic TNF-α, GLUT4 in skeletal muscles, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in a dexamethasone-induced model of insulin resistance, while also profiling its bioactive metabolites through UPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis.