Compared to the GBM-only condition, GBM cells in co-culture upregulated neuronal genes (e.g., NEFL, STMN2, and NEUROG3), lipid metabolism genes (e.g., INSIG1, LDLR, and CDHR1), and cell growth pathways such as E2F targets and mTORC1 signaling (Figures 3B and 3C). Here, INSIG1 is linked to glioblastoma.