Indeed, disruption of lysosomal function with either bafilomycin A1 (BafA1, an inhibitor of vacuolar-type H+-ATPase that blocks autolysosome acidification), chloroquine (CQ, an FDA-approved antimalarial drug that increases the pH of acidic vesicles), Vacuolin-1 (a cell-permeable compound that prevents lysosomes from fusing with the plasma membrane), a cocktail of protease inhibitors (PIs, which inhibit a broad range of cellular proteases), or three lysosomal protease inhibitors (E64d, leupeptin, and pepstatin), significantly reduced viral infection (Fig 2A-B). This evidence concerns the gene ATP6V1A and viral infectious disease.