TGN46 knockdown had no effect on ACE2, IGF2R and TfR cell surface localization in non-spike expressing cells (S8C Fig, lane 6 vs. 5), implying that spike expression or viral infection may hijack the majority of TGN46 for its own trafficking, thus impeding the post-Golgi trafficking of many cellular proteins to the plasma membrane. Here, IGF2R is linked to viral infectious disease.