ARC and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Our results showing that chronic inhibition of ArcGABA non-LepR neurons effectively reduces DIO suggest that leptin, despite the known existence of reduced p-STAT3 signaling, may still be able to reduce the activity of Arc LepR neurons, which otherwise would be sufficient to render obesity, even with inhibition of ArcGABA non-LepR neurons.