BRAF and melanoma: The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is intricately linked to glycolysis; the v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF)/MAPK pathway is initiated by growth factors, cytokines or hormones binding to a membrane-bound receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), which induces an interaction between activated RAS and the RAF domain, modulating the shift from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to glycolysis in melanoma cells (12, 13).