By maintaining high proliferative activity and resisting apoptotic signals, SecTA have significant survival advantages; moreover, these cells actively participate in extracellular matrix remodelling by secreting factors such as TGFBI and TIMP1 and combining with CXCL1-mediated angiogenesis and immune cell recruitment, effectively reconstructing the tumour microenvironment (53–55). Here, TIMP1 is linked to neoplasm.