There are currently five reported approaches to inducing focal brain ischemia in swine, including electrocoagulation (Zhang et al., 2007; Knight, 2000; Sakoh et al., 2000, 2001; Røhl et al., 2002; Watanabe et al., 2007), clip/ligature occlusion (Sakoh et al., 2001; Schöll et al., 2017), endovascular embolization (Mangla et al., 2015), photothrombosis (Kuluz et al., 2007; Armstead et al., 2010, 2012, 2016), and endothelin-1 (ET-1) injection (Zhang et al., 2016; d'Esterre et al., 2015; Elliott et al., 2014; Wright et al., 2016). This evidence concerns the gene EDN1 and brain ischemia.