INS and heart failure: 1.Aggressive weight management:Consider pharmacotherapy when BMI≥27 kg/m2;2.Comprehensive management:lipid regulation, blood pressure control, glycemic management, CKD management;3.Diabetic patients, prioritize SGLT2i orGLP-1RA to reduce the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE).4.Patients with concurrent CKD and heart failure, prioritize SGLT2i.5.Individuals with HbA1c ≥ 9%, high insulin doses, and BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2, prioritize GLP-1RA.6.Patients with multiple CVD may benefit from the combined use of SGLT2i and GLP-1RA.