Additionally, PKC activation by high glucose concentrations leads to increased expression of VPF-mRNA in VSM cells, which subsequently induces abnormal endothelial permeability and angiogenesis in diabetes mellitus (189).In cellular experiments, PKC activation induced by high glucose concentrations promoted TGF-β1 expression in mesangial cells (MCs), which subsequently led to the accumulation of microvascular matrix proteins (190). Here, PRRT2 is linked to diabetes mellitus.