Compared to the female group, male participants were typically younger, more likely to be Mexican American, more likely to be married/living with a partner or never married, less than high school education, smokers, hypertensive, and HUA; higher PIR, weight, WC, height, SBP, DBP, HbA1c, FPG, BUN, SUA,TG, insulin, and creatinine; lower BMI, TC, and HDL; and lower incidence of alcohol abuse, DM and hyperlipidemia (p <0.05). This evidence concerns the gene INS and alcohol abuse.