INS and Insulin resistance: In patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the meta-analysis indicated that curcumin significantly reduced fasting blood glucose (FBG) (WMD: 2.83; 95%CI: 4.61, −1.06; I2 = 51.3%), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (WMD: 0.52; 95%CI: 0.84, −0.20; I2 = 82.8%), but not including HbA1c (WMD: 0.17; 95%CI: 0.44, 0.11, I2 = 92.4%), insulin levels (WMD: 0.14; 95%CI: 1.03, 0.76; I2 = 83.0%) and quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index (QUICKI) (WMD: 0.01; 95%CI: 0.00, 0.01; I2 = 96.2%) compared with placebo (Ebrahimzadeh et al., 2024).