Studies have shown that in a PD animal model induced by the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), astrocytes mediate inflammatory responses through the NF-κB signaling pathway, which is one of the key factors leading to DAergic neuron damage (Kirkley et al., 2019; Hammond et al., 2020). The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is Parkinson disease.