Additionally, serum levels of potassium (K), triglycerides (TG), glucose (GLU), and Apolipoprotein B (APOB) were significantly higher in the CKD group compared to the control group (p <0.05), while serum levels of calcium (Ca), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), and whole blood hemoglobin (HB) were significantly lower (p <0.05) (Table 1). Here, APOB is linked to chronic kidney disease.