Studies have shown that providing nutritional counseling and supplementation with curcumin (Meriva) to CKD patients significantly reduced plasma levels of pro-inflammatory mediators (CCL-2, IFN-γ, and IL-4) and lipid peroxidation, while also significantly decreasing Escherichia-Shigella in the gut and noticeably increasing Lachnoclostridium [24]. Here, IL4 is linked to chronic kidney disease.