The TF binding sites enriched (FDR-corrected p-value ≤ 0.05) at these loci were mainly: Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors including: CEBP(bZIP) shown to be required for HIV-1 replication [16], NFIL3(bZIP) that has been shown to be involved in T-cell dysfunction during viral infection or Atf4(bZIP) expression induction of which has been shown to increase with the replication of HIV-1 [17]. Here, ATF4 is linked to viral infectious disease.