CSF2 and leukemia: After neutralizing GM-CSF with lenzilumab, Sterner found that CD19 CAR-T cell proliferation was enhanced and sustained control of leukemia was better maintained in patient derived xenograft models, demonstrating that lenzilumab can not only enhance CD19 CAR-T cell function in vitro or in vivo, but also prevent and treat CRS and ICANS [58].