In addition, SAMβA, another novel small peptide, prevents the accumulation of fragmented mitochondria by selectively inhibiting the interaction of the βII isoform of protein kinase C (βIIPKC) with Mfn1, which re-establishes morphology and function of mitochondrial and improves heart failure outcome in a rat model for heart failure [303]. Here, MFN1 is linked to heart failure.