P2RY12 and multiple sclerosis: In multiple sclerosis, the P2×7R is linked to the pro‐inflammatory phenotype of microglia, whereas the P2Y12R is associated with the anti‐inflammatory phenotype.[27, 28] The P2Y12R is predominantly expressed in M2‐like microglia, with lower expression levels in M1‐like microglia.[29, 30] To further investigate the mechanism by which astrocytes regulate microglial phenotypes via Cx43 hemichannels, we performed Western blot analysis to assess the expression of P2×4R, P2×7R, and P2Y12R.