For instance, in models of ischemic brain injury, inhibitors of Cx43 gap junction proteins have been effective in reducing brain inflammation and neuronal damage.[54] Furthermore, the application of inhibitors to downregulate Cx43 expression in experimental models of stroke and epilepsy has been shown to diminish neuronal damage and inflammation in the affected regions.[55] Xiflam, an oral connexin hemichannel blocker, has shown evidence of safety in more than 1,000 patients and is in preparation for phase 2 clinical trials. This evidence concerns the gene GJA1 and epilepsy.