DIS3 and Miyoshi myopathy: The common mutated genes in MM include KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, TRAF, CYLD, LTB, ATM, DIS3, IRF4, EGR1, TP53, ATR, FAM46C, etc. Alterations in these molecules drive MM pathogenesis by regulating essential cellular processes in myeloma cells, including apoptosis, proliferation, migration, and autophagy (Boyle et al., 2021; Zhu et al., 2014).