Further mechanistic studies have revealed that icariside II alleviates myocardial fibrosis in hypertension by inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smad2, NF-κB/p65, and MMP/TIMP-1 signaling pathways (Fu et al., 2018; Fu et al., 2020). Here, TGFB1 is linked to Myocardial fibrosis.