In a study by Konishi T et al., CRC cells were stably transfected with hRFI. The overexpression of hRFI resulted in cellular resistance to 5-FU through the inhibition of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, the upregulation of BCL-2 and BCL-X, and the activation of NF-kB [384]. Here, RNF34 is linked to colorectal carcinoma.