Overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 1 (IL-1), interleukin 6 (IL-6), leptin, MCP-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1(PAI-1), fibrinogen, angiotensin) contributes to the development of IR and T2DM. The gene discussed is SERPINE1; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.