Additionally, it increases the expression of the inhibitory Smad7 and reduces TGFβ receptor II protein level across various cell types, including fibroblasts, hepatic and pancreatic stellate cells, and tumor cells (Gnainsky et al., 2007; Zion et al., 2009; Spector et al., 2012; Pines and Spector, 2015; Juárez et al., 2017). Here, SMAD7 is linked to neoplasm.