VEGFA and age-related macular degeneration: It has been harnessed for image-to-image translation in ophthalmology to predict the responses to treatment by generating individualized post-therapeutic OCT images after anti-VEGF treatment for fundus diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) (Liu et al., 2020), RVO (Xu et al., 2022), and diabetic macular edema (DME) (Liu et al., 2023; Baek et al., 2024).