TNF and neoplasm: Ferroptosis inducers (such as erastin) or nanoparticles (Fe3O4-SAS@PLT) can reverse the M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and promote their conversion to the M1 phenotype, resulting in a significant increase in TNF-α and IL-12 secretion, respectively, and a significant improvement in the immunosuppressive microenvironment (222, 236).