CRT acts as an “eat-me” signal to promote antigen-presenting cells to phagocytose tumor antigens; HMGB1 enhances dendritic cell maturation through TLR4; ATP activates the NLRP3 inflammasome to drive CD8+ T cell activation; type I IFN enhances NK cell killing function through the cGAS-STING pathway while inhibiting Treg activity, thereby reversing immune suppression and restoring the body’s antitumor capacity. This evidence concerns the gene TLR4 and neoplasm.