It is worth noting that the immunomodulatory effect of DAMPs is bidirectional: in hepatocellular carcinoma, HMGB1 promotes CD8+ T cell infiltration through the STING pathway, and its high expression is positively correlated with patient survival (189); however, in acute inflammation models, excessive release of HMGB1 can activate caspase-1 through the AIM2 inflammasome, promote the maturation and release of IL-1β and IL-18, and exacerbate tissue damage (190). The gene discussed is HMGB1; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.