The serine biosynthesis pathway, which involves the enzymes phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH), phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 (PSAT1), and phosphoserine phosphatase (PSPH), is frequently upregulated in malignancies such as triple-negative breast cancer and melanoma (113, 114). Here, PHGDH is linked to triple-negative breast carcinoma.