KEAP1 and diabetic kidney disease: In high-glucose-treated HK-2 tubular cells, MitoQ upregulated Nrf2 translocation, inhibited Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), and blocked M1 macrophage polarization and Th17 cell infiltration through mitochondrial quality control mechanisms, establishing a link between mitochondrial redox balance and immune cell dysregulation in DKD (126, 127).