For example, in liver and pancreatic cancer, FBXO32 activates the CDK4/6-Rb pathway by stabilizing CyclinD1, promotes tumor cells to secrete the chemokine CXCL12, inhibits T cell infiltration into tumor sites, and simultaneously recruits M2-type macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) to form an immune “cold” tumor phenotype (6). Here, CXCL12 is linked to neoplasm.