Probiotics such as L. delbrueckii, L. rhamnosus, L. reuteri, and L. acidophilus induce CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs and suppress Th17 cells in lupus models via metabolite-mediated signaling pathways (37, 125, 134). The gene discussed is FOXP3; the disease is systemic lupus erythematosus.