For example, haploinsufficiency of the intrinsic TRAF6 regulators miR-146a and TIFAB in del(5q) MDS and elevated expression of the IRAK4-L isoform in URSF2-mutant MDS led to over-activation of the TLR-MYD88-IRAK-TRAF6 pathway [183, 184]. Here, TRAF6 is linked to myelodysplastic syndrome.