TNF and hyperuricemia: induces cytokine-driven inflammation, including interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha exacerbating insulin resistance and impairing renal urate excretion (e.g., downregulation of ABCG2/URAT1), ultimately leading to hyperuricemia and gout thereby intensifying inflammation induced by monosodium urate crystals [39–41].